Diabetes and Oral Health: How to Protect Your Teeth

While it is well-known that diabetes can lead to many health complications such as blindness, kidney failure, nerve damage, amputations, and heart disease, many are surprised to learn that diabetes also affects oral health.

Having diabetes increases the risk for gum diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis.  Periodontitis is the most serious type of gum disease.  At this stage the gums begin to pull away from the teeth, forming pockets between the teeth and gums.  These pockets fill with germs, pus, and continue to deepen.  If nothing is done, the infection can destroy the bone around the teeth which can result in loose teeth or loss of teeth. 

Unfortunately, periodontal disease and diabetes is a vicious cycle.  High blood sugar (glucose) increases the risk for and progression of periodontal disease and periodontal disease, like any infection, increases blood sugar.  High blood sugar can also lead to other oral health problems such as cavities, thrush, infections, poor healing, and dry mouth or lack of saliva.

Saliva protects the teeth and gums by diluting the acids that are excreted by bacteria in the mouth.  Saliva also contains minerals such as calcium, phosphate, and fluoride that are necessary for rebuilding teeth and keeping enamel strong.  When there is not enough saliva to perform these functions, a person’s risk of tooth decay, gum disease, and other mouth infections increases.  Dry mouth is very common with diabetes due to high blood sugars as well as the multiple medications taken by individuals with diabetes. 

Warning sign of possible oral concerns include

• Bleeding and red, swollen, or tender gums
• Gums that have pulled away from the teeth
• Bad breath
• Permanent teeth that are loose or moving away from each other
• Pain in the mouth or sinus area
• White or red patches on the gums, tongue, cheeks, or roof of the mouth

Controlling blood sugar is the first and foremost thing a person with diabetes can do to help prevent the dental problems associated with diabetes.  Other measures which can reduce the risks include regular brushing and flossing of the teeth, have a dental check up at least every six months, tell your dentist and dental hygienist that you have diabetes, and contact a dental professional as soon as possible if you notice any possible signs of dental problems.

For more information on diabetes or to find the closest location, please call 208-367-6130.